Which component of the fuel system is responsible for transferring fuel to the engine?

The fuel pump is the component of the aircraft fuel system that is responsible for transferring fuel to the engine. Its primary function is to create the necessary pressure to move fuel from the fuel tank(s) through the system and into the engine for combustion. The fuel pump ensures a consistent flow of fuel to maintain engine performance, especially during varying power demands and when the aircraft is in different phases of flight.

In the context of the other options, the fuel filter serves to remove impurities and contaminants from the fuel, ensuring clean fuel reaches the engine, but it does not actively transfer fuel. The fuel gauge is used for monitoring the amount of fuel in the tank and does not perform any role in fuel movement. Lastly, the fuel tank sump is designed to collect any water or contaminants that may settle at the bottom of the fuel tank, and while it plays an important role in maintaining fuel quality, it does not move fuel to the engine. Thus, the fuel pump is the critical component that facilitates the flow of fuel necessary for engine operation.